ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To assess temporal trends of hospitalizations and deaths from pertussis in Brazilian children in the period of 1996-2013. METHODS: This was a descriptive ecological study of temporal trends, based on the DATASUS database. The number of hospitalizations and deaths from pertussis in children up to 19 years of age from January 1996 to December 2013 was obtained. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 19,047 hospital admissions from pertussis were recorded, of which 88.2% occurred in infants younger than 1 year. In the period 1996-2010, the mean annual number of admissions was 755, ranging from a maximum of 1179 in 2004 to a minimum of 400 in 2010. There was an increase of admissions in the last three consecutive years (2011, 2012, and 2013) with 1177, 2954 and 3589 hospitalizations, respectively. There were 498 deaths from pertussis throughout the study period, of which 96.8% occurred in children younger than one year. There was an increase in the number of deaths from pertussis in children in the years 2011, 2012, and 2013, with 40, 93, and 87 recorded deaths, respectively. The increase in hospitalizations and deaths from pertussis in children occurred in all regions of the country, with the highest increase observed in the Southeast, North and Northeast regions. CONCLUSIONS: There was a substantial increase in hospitalizations and deaths from pertussis in children for three consecutive years (2011, 2012, and 2013) in all Brazilian regions. The most affected age group was that of children younger than one year.
RESUMO OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a tendência temporal de internações e óbitos por coqueluche em crianças brasileiras de 1996 a 2013. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico descritivo de tendência temporal, baseado no banco de dados Datasus. Foram extraídos os números de internações e de óbitos por coqueluche em crianças até 19 anos de janeiro de 1996 a dezembro de 2013. A estatística descritiva foi aplicada para análise de dados. RESULTADOS: No período estudado foram registradas 19.047 internações por coqueluche, das quais 88,2% foram de lactentes menores de um ano. De 1996 a 2010, o número médio anual de internações foi de 755 e oscilou entre o máximo de 1.179 em 2004 e o mínimo de 400 em 2010. Houve um acréscimo de internações nos últimos três anos consecutivos (2011, 2012 e 2013), com 1.177, 2.954 e 3.589 registros, respectivamente. Ocorreram 498 óbitos por coqueluche em todo o período estudado, dos quais 96,8% eram menores de um ano. Houve acréscimo no número de óbitos por coqueluche em crianças em 2011, 2012 e 2013, com 40, 93 e 87 registrados, respectivamente. O aumento de internações e óbitos por coqueluche em crianças ocorreu em todas as regiões do país e houve maior acréscimo nas regiões Sudeste e Norte-Nordeste. CONCLUSÕES: Houve um aumento substancial de internações e de óbitos por coqueluche em crianças por três anos consecutivos (2011, 2012 e 2013) em todas as regiões brasileiras. A faixa etária mais atingida foi a de menores de um ano.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Young Adult , Databases, Factual/statistics & numerical data , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Whooping Cough/mortality , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Hospitalization/economics , Incidence , Pertussis Vaccine/standardsABSTRACT
The increasing number of pertussis cases reported on the last twenty years and the existence of new acellular vaccines reinforce the need of research for experimental models to assure the quality of available pertussis vaccines. In this study, allotments of whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines were tested through the Intranasal Challenge Model (INM) using conventional NIH mice. The results have been compared to those achieved by the "Gold standard" Intracerebral Challenge Model (ICM). In contrast to ICM, INM results did not show intralaboratorial variations. Statistical analysis by Anova and Ancova tests revealed that the INM presented reproducibility and allowed identification and separation of different products, including three-component and four-component accellular pertussis vaccines. INM revealed differences between pertussis vaccines. INM provides lower distress to the mice allowing the reduction of mice number including the possibility of using conventional mice (less expensive) under non-aseptic environment. Thus, INM may be used as an alternative method of verifying the consistence of allotment production, including acellular pertussis vaccines.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Mice , Bordetella pertussis/immunology , Pertussis Vaccine/immunology , Whooping Cough/immunology , Administration, Intranasal , Disease Models, Animal , Immunity, Cellular , Pertussis Vaccine/adverse effects , Pertussis Vaccine/standards , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Vaccines, Acellular/adverse effects , Vaccines, Acellular/immunology , Vaccines, Acellular/standards , Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/standards , Whooping Cough/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The stability of pertussis component (glutaraldehyde or heat inactivated pertussis vaccine) of the adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine preserved in thiomersal or benzethonium chloride was studied at 4-8 degrees C and 35 degrees C for 30 days. The potency of pertussis component of adsorbed DPT vaccine preserved with benzethonium chloride was lower than that preserved with thiomersal. After the initial loss of potency of pertussis component in the benzethonium chloride during blending, the stability of potency of pertussis component at 4-8 degrees C and 35 degrees C for 30 days was similar for vaccines preserved with either benzethonium chloride or thiomersal. The stability of both types of pertussis components inactivated with glutaraldehyde or heat was also similar at both the temperatures for 30 days.